Check the link I provided with the cockroach node command.
First of all, you have to set up an instance of CockroachDB. Take a look at Starting a single node. Of course, I am assuming that you want a single node. For starting a cluster of cockroach nodes, consult its documentation.
Basically, in order to start a cockroach node, you have to choose between two options: secure and insecure mode. The naming is self-explanatory. Use insecure mode for only testing and dev purposes.
Now you have to remove the part which instantiates a cockroach DB container from your docker-compoose.yml file. Moreover, you have to provide the address of the cockroach instance as the parameter for --database.address in your docker-compose file in this format root@{IP_ADDRESS}:26257. This was the case with connecting to an insecure cockroach instance.
Please refer to answers that Novabyte and me provided in Migrating to a secure cockroach node to run a separate, secure instance of cockroach DB.